Randomly selected almost all questions / answers from current eng201 paper May 2012
eng 201 paper
10 objective
2 2 number q
2 3 num q
2 5 num q
core of correctenes? 3
Correctness:
The following things are at the core of concreteness:
• Grammar
• Punctuation
• Spelling
The term correctness applied to business messages also means the following characteristics:
o Use the right level of language.
o Check accuracy of figures, facts and words.
o Maintain acceptable writing mechanics
concretness and its example ? 5
Formal Writing
Formal writing is often associated with scholarly writing.
Examples:
It includes doctoral dissertations, scholarly articles, top-level government agreements etc. The
style is unconventional, usually impersonal, and contains long and involved sentences.
Informal Writing
This writing style is more common in business writing. An example is the communication via
E-mail, memos etc.
de emphasize bad news message 3
Bad-News Messages
If you have bad news, try to put it somewhere in the middle, cushioned by other, more positive
ideas.
o Bad-News Message Format
The letter begins with a neutral statement that provides a transmission to the refusal. The midsection explains the reason
for refusal and then states the bad news. The writer takes care to introduce a positive thought. The letter closes on a
cordial note.
•
buffer statments ki 3 mistakes 2
To compose your buffer:
• Avoid giving the impression that good news will follow.
• Avoid saying no
• Avoid using a know-it-all tone, e.g., you should be aware that…
• Avoid wordy and irrelevant phrases and sentences like
o We have received your letter
o This email is in reply to your request
o We are writing in response to your request
• Avoid apologizing
• Avoid writing a buffer that is too long
letter writing for claim and adjustment 5
Claim:
December 15, 2008
Dorman Printing Press
#143
Dear Mr. Cabiling:
Our order of December 02 called for 24 pads of 54 yellow New Year calendars.
On your invoice No. 4751 you billed and shipped 10 of these pads. On December 12, your invoice No. 5140, you sent 14 of the
complete New Year calendars in green. We are returning the 14 complete calendars, and ask that you send at once the 12 yellow
pads, without the metal bases, to complete our original order.
Sincerely yours,
Imelda Valera
Adjustment:
Sample Adjustment Letter #1
__________Better Widget Makers, Inc.__________
February 20, 2004
Mr. Jim Dandy, Jr.
General Manager
Dandy Manufacturing, Inc.
2525 E. 34
th
Street
Dear Mr. Dandy:
Please accept my apology for the incorrect shipment of Widgets and the delay in
reshipping the order. It was our mistake.
The 300 Deluxe Yellow Widgets (Ref. # XT111) that you originally ordered were
shipped out freight free today. You should receive them tomorrow via UPS overnight
Red Label delivery.
We value your business and trust that you will find this action satisfactory.
In addition, as there is no excuse for the delay and inconvenience, I have instructed our
accounting department to credit your account in the amount of $136.80. This reflects the
10% discount routinely applied to orders larger than $2,500.00.
Sincerely,
Frank Thompson
Customer Service Representative
Q:define letter of inquiry(2).
Letters of Inquiry
A letter of inquiry asks someone for specific information. In some cases, such as a request for
promotional material, the recipient will have a clear interest in responding to your letter.
In other cases, such as a request for specific information on a product, the recipient may or may
not be motivated to respond quickly. Consequently, always make the tone of the letter friendly
and make it easy for the recipient to identify and provide the information you need.
Q:what is the purpose of end notation in business letter(2)
End Notations
At the bottom of the last page of a business letter, ‘End Notations’ may show who typed the
letter, whether any material is enclosed with the letter, and who is receiving a copy of the
letter.
Example:
Enclosure: Article by Ali Bashir
Encl. (2)
Enc. (2)
Example:
cc: Dr. Maria Aalam
Mr. Waleed Usman
Q:How to camouflaged verb affect business communication(3)
Camouflaged Verbs
Turning verbs into nouns and adjectives weakens your writing.
Watch for endings like -ion, -tion, -ing, -ment, -ant, -ent, -ance and –ency.
Q:Define conciseness and how to achieve it(5)?
3. Conciseness
Learn the strategies of conciseness. Conciseness has a special value in technical fields. Writers
are often tempted to include everything that could be relevant to their subject, rather than
merely everything that is relevant to the communication task at hand.
The concise document is a piece of writing that conveys only the needed material. At the level
of the whole document, conciseness is helped most by focus, the narrowing of document scope to a manageable problem and response.
Preparing a clear introduction and developing a detailed outline are two strategies that give you
control over document length and scope. Identify and eliminate material that is not necessary
to support your claims. Look for sections, including appendixes that are not essential to your
work. Graphics are powerful aids to conciseness because they cut down on the amount of
prose necessary to describe objects and processes, summarize data, and demonstrate
relationships.
How do you make your document more Concise?
Conciseness requires careful revising. Become familiar with the strategies for reducing wordiness. Look for ways of cutting useless words, sentences, and sections from the document.
Q:What are the means of communication do customer services department use(5)
Customer Services:
It is the Department or function of an organization that responds to inquiries or complaints
from customers of that organization. Customers may communicate in person or via written
correspondence, toll telephone, etc.
Various techniques are used to generate correspondence back to the customer, including
checklists, form letters, typewritten letters, computer letters (fill-in type), or computer-
generated personalized letters. Typewritten letters are best for irate complaints or special
situations. Computer letters combine the benefits of personalization with the efficiencies of
automation.
Customer service correspondence may be in letterhead or postcard format. Customer service is
an important part of the fulfillment function, ensuring that customers will buy again and/or continue to be good customers.
Q:Write a report on distance education(5)
Q:Write a letter to decoration firm to decorate your house or building(5)
1.what is courtsy closing?2
Couresty refers to the sincerety and respect for the receiver or reader
courtesy closing for example warm regards, best regards, Thanking you,
.
2.what is the general purpose of bussiness message?2
Business messages have the following general purposes:
o Inform
o Persuade
o Collaborate
.
3.what is coherence and why it is important?(5)
Look for ways to improve the coherence of your writing. Coherence is the quality of hanging
together, of providing the reader an easily followed path.
Writers promote coherence by making their material logically and stylistically consistent, and
by organizing and expressing their ideas in specific patterns. Efforts to emphasize the
relationships among the elements of a document strengthen its impact. Coherence can
dramatically improve the reader's ability to understand your material by promoting its flow or readability. Coherence is especially valued in Technical Communication and Writing because
of the inherent complexity of the subjects.
At the level of the whole document, coherence helps to provide the larger picture, in which the connections among the parts of the document are made clear by the writer. It gives readers a
roadmap to help them anticipate the content of your work. Abstracts, clear titles, introductions
and problem statements all promote coherence by linking various parts of a piece of writing.
.
.
4.what are the general rules of direct request?(5)
Direct Request:
This approach works well when your request requires no special tact or persuasion.
Example: HKB’s store managers are certainly interested in helping Levi’s increase sales, just
as distributors are interested in filling the HKB order.
• Main Idea of the Request:
General rule for the first part of the direct request is not only to be understood but also to avoid
being misunderstood. Be aware of the difference between a polite request in question form (which requires no question mark) and a question that is part of a request.
Example
• Justification, Explanation and Details:
In the middle section:
1. Call attention to how the reader will benefit from granting your request.
2. Give details of your request.
Did Kate Kingsley demonstrate to work
smoothly with client? Would you please help us determine
whether Kate Kingsley is a suitable
applicant for a position as landscape
designer.
.
5.what is biased language give examples?(5)
Biased Language:
Avoid language that could be interpreted as biased on the basis of sex, HageH, physical ability, or
Hethnic or racial identityH. Instead, use language that is inclusive and avoids unintended
stereotypes, and refer to people and groups using labels they prefer.
• Ageist Language
• Language Biased against People with Disabilities
• Ethnically or Racially Biased Language
1st:-Point Out The similarity between Memo and Business latter[2 Marks]
Memorandum:
Memorandums are brief, informal reports used to establish a record. They generalize the
communication process by transmitting the message from one or more authors to one or more recipients. E-mail messages typically take the form of memoranda.
Business messages have the following general purposes:
o Inform
o Persuade
o Collaborate
2nd:-What is the 'Golden rule' for writing the precise and concrete message[2 Marks]
Whenever possible, use an exact, precise statement or a figure in place of a general word to make your message more concrete.
3rd:-The aim of a business proposal is to establish a working relationship. Is this correct? In the light of this statement
discuss its structure[3 Marks]
True
The overall structure of a proposal can be broken down into following parts:
Proposal Structure:
• Front matter
• Body
• Introduction
• Technical approach
• Management requirements
• Work plan
• End matter
• Front Matter:
The front matter of a proposal includes the following components:
o Letter of transmittal
o Title page
o Summary
o Table of contents
o List of figures and tables
• Body:
In the introduction part of a proposal, do the following:
o Identify the motivating need or problem. o Develop the immediate context in which this problem has been highlighted.
In external proposals be sure you are responding to the published need and motivation as identified by the outside agency.
• End Mater:
o Bibliography
o Résumés
o Appendixes
4th:- Write down the structure of Customer latter[3 Marks]
Structure of Customer Letters
The opening paragraph states the reason for the letter. The frank request should arouse curiosity
and encourage a frank response. The request for action should be devised for uncovering
trouble without actually suggesting that there might be trouble. The actual request for action is
left unstated until the end so that it leaves an impression.
5th:- Differentiate between the connotation and donnotition[5 Marks]
Connotation and Denotations
Content words have both a denotative (dictionary) meaning and a connotative (associative)
meaning.
Example:
1. I have uncovered some interesting dirt on that Police officer.
2. My land has fertile and dark dirt.
Both sentences use dirt but in different connotations.
denotative (dictionary)
6th:-What are the main features of consideration in 7C's
Consideration:
Consideration means to prepare every message with the message receiver in mind.
Consideration is very important in effective communication. It shows that you understand your
audience, which goes a long way to get your desired result. Consideration simply means you
show empathy in your communication style. Along with understanding your audience, you
should also:
• Don’t loose your temper.
• Don’t accuse.
• Don’t charge them without facts.
Three specific ways to indicate consideration are:
• Focus on ‘you’ Instead of ‘I’ or ‘we’ • Show audience benefit or interest in the receiver • Emphasize positive & pleasant facts 1. Focus on ‘you’ Instead of ‘I’ or ‘we’:
To create considerate, audience-oriented messages, focus on how do message receivers will
benefit, what they will receive, and what they want or need to know. In some cases this can be
accomplished by emphasis; you may downplay your own feelings to make a point.
Example:
We-attitude: I am delighted to announce that we have extended our office hours to make
shopping more convenient.
You-attitude: You will be able to shop evenings with the extended office hours. The use of
‘you’ in negative situations can be avoided by employing passive voice, making the receiver
part of the group.
3. Show audience benefit or interest in the receiver:
Readers may react positively when benefits are shown to them. Whenever possible and true,
show your receivers will benefit from whatever the message asks or announces. Benefits must meet recipient's needs, address their concerns, or offer them rewards.
Business and Technical English-ENG201 VU
© Copyright Virtual University of
4. Emphasize Positive and Pleasant Facts:
Another way to show consideration is to emphasize pleasant and positive facts. This means
stressing what can be done instead of what cannot be done. Also, you must focus on words
your recipient considers favorable.
Example:
The following opening of a letter the negative words are underlined, you’d rather not have at
all. We regret that, since you closed your account, your name is missing from our long list of satisfied customers. We sincerely hope that inspire the best efforts of our fine staff, there were
no occasions on which you felt we failed to serve you properly.
1.define plain English ?(2)
Plain English is close to spoken English and can be more easily understood
2.a well organized message containing all vital ingredients?(3)
Why does it matter to put information in any way and leave it to the reader to grasp the
information? By arranging the ideas in a logical and diplomatic way, you will increase the
chances of satisfying the audience’s needs.
• Helping your audience understand the message
The main reason for being organized is to improve your chances that people will understand
exactly what you mean.
Good organization also helps you to get your ideas across without upsetting the audience. Good
organization helps to motivate the audience to accept your message.
• Saving your Audience’s Time
Well organized messages are efficient. They only contain relevant information, so the audience
does not waste time with superfluous information.
• Simplifying your Communication Tasks
Finally, a well organized message helps you to compose your message more quickly and
efficiently. Before you start to write, organize your message in a way that it is easy for readers
to comprehend.
3.what are important for obtaining centre of recommendation (3)
Make your candidacy as strong as possible by carefully soliciting references and letters of
recommendation. Letters of recommendation are extremely important in decisions to hire,
admit an individual and to award a scholarship or grant.
4.what is reader-centred-approach ?why is it important?(5)
To take the reader centered approach, you need to look at three things:
a. The final result you desire.
b. The people who will read your communication.
c. The specific way you want your communication to affect the people as they read
your communication.
In the first stage, employers try to attract applications from as many qualified people as
possible. At this stage of recruiting, résumés are usually read by people who work in personal
office.
To help understand the first stage, you may find it helpful to draw an imaginary portrait of one of them. Imagine a man who sat down to read a stack of 25-50 new applications that
arrived in today’s mail. He doesn’t have time to read through all the applications so he sorts
quickly those applications which merit additional consideration.
He quickly finds reasons to disqualify most applicants. Only, occasionally, does he read a full
résumé. As you write your résumé you must keep in mind that it must quickly attract and hold
that man’s attention.
In the second stage of recruiting, employers carefully scrutinize the qualification of the most
promising applicants. Often this involves the visit of the candidates to the employer’s work
place. The second stage reader of your résumé includes managers of the department you have to work for.
To represent your reader, you can imagine the head of department at this stage. This person
is shorthanded and wants rapidly to fill one or more openings. When she gets the résumés, she
knows precisely what qualifications she seeks.
Of course, some job searches vary from two-stage recruiting procedure as described above. If you interview at a campus placement center, you will probably hand in your résumé to the
company recruiters at the same time you meet them.
5.what type of info is included in meeting minutes ?(5)
Minutes can be formal or in
law, by-laws, charters, or regulations. They are usually distributed to the m
before the next meeting, and then approved (sometimes after being amended).
6.write short report report related electricity problem (5)
7.attention aspect is important in aida plan comments?(2)
Your first objective is to encourage your audience to hear about your problem,
idea, new product—whatever your main idea is. Write a brief engaging opening sentence with
no extravagant claims or irrelevant points and be sure to find some common ground on which
to build your case.
Write a note on completeness principle of communication. 2
What is Informal writing?3
Define the 'Direct Request' approach used in Business communication. Give at least one example. 3
Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Approach? 5
What is the difference between Business Letter and Memo? 5
What is the Reader-Centered Approach? Why is it necessary to keep in view this approach while writing a document? 5
1 What are the basic strategies for writing bad news messages?
2. Describe random list briefly?
4. What are the characteristics of a good opening of a report?
A good opening accomplishes at least three things:
1. Introduces the subject of your report
2. Indicates why the subject is important
3. Gives the readers a preview of main ideas and the order in which they will be covered.
5. Write a note on application letter?
Application letters:
Application letters are usually just one page in length and consist of three sections:
• Front Matter
• Body
• End Matter
• Front Matter
State that you are applying for a specific job title or field. Also mention the person who referred
you or told you about the job. If you learned of the job from an advertisement, mention that too.
• Body
Explain specifically why you are qualified for the job. Describe education, work experience
and any other activity that display relevant talents, such as foreign-language proficiencies and
leadership or supervisory experience.
• End Matter
Refer to your enclosed résumé and express your desire for an interview, stating when and where you will be available for one. In addition, invite further inquiries, and state how you
can be contacted.
6. Write down the reasons for conveying a bad news about orders?
Conveying bad news about orders:
For several reasons, business must sometimes convey bad news concerning orders:
• To work toward an eventual sale along the lines of the original order
• To keep instructions or additional information as clear as possible
• To maintain an optimistic, confident tone so that your reader won’t lose interest
• When you must back-order for a customer, you have one of the two types of bad news
to convey
• You’re able to send only part of the order
• You’re able to send none of the order
7. Define the following.
• Phantom readers
• Future readers
• Complex readers
a. Phantom Readers
In some situations most important readers may be hidden from you. Written communications
addressed to one person are used by others. These real but unnamed readers are called
phantom readers.
Phantom readers are real but unnamed readers who use communication addressed to others. For
example, you might have written your document for the decision makers in your company but they pass your material on to advisors .You did not know when you were writing that your
material was going to be read by these advisors. In this case, advisors would be called phantom
readers.
b. Future Readers
While identifying your readers, you should keep in mind the possibility that your
communication may be used weeks, months or even years from now.
c. Complex Readers
Complex readers are the readers consisting of diverse groups with widely varying backgrounds
and responsibilities, each with a different agenda, each with a different way of functioning and
communicating.
define agenda?
An agenda is a simple list of topics to be discussed (in order of listing), along with the names of
individuals who have agreed to lead discussion of those topics. An agenda helps to focus a
meeting on a core of topics and allows you to control the pace and flow of a meeting and
identify important items to be acted upon. Meetings without published agendas generally seem unfocused and unproductive.
define memorandam?
Memorandums are brief, informal reports used to establish a record. They generalize the
communication process by transmitting the message from one or more authors to one or more recipients. E-mail messages typically take the form of memoranda.
formal and informal
Formal and Informal Oral Reports
An oral report may be delivered around a small table with just a few listeners or in a large
auditorium to hundreds of people.
Formal Oral Reports are usually prepared well in advance of presentation and are therefore
well rehearsed. Your manner of delivery is extremely important in a formal oral report
situation. Formal oral reports may follow an outline similar to the parts of any formal written report and may be presented to an audience of one's peers or to an interested general or a mixed
audience in a setting such as a large auditorium or hall.
Informal Oral Reports are generally characterized by small- group settings with a high degree
of audience interaction and a relaxed manner of delivery and dress. Informal oral presentations can foster the free exchange of ideas and can be important for producing action items.
Oral presentations in a professional environment generally fall into two categories:
• Informative Speaking
• Persuasive Speaking
write body of letter for furnishing the house
Q:define letter of inquiry(2).
Q:what is the purpose of end notation in business letter(2)
Q:How to camouflaged verb affect business communication(3)
Q:Define conciseness and how to achieve it(5)?
Q:What are the means of communication do customer services department use(5)
It is the Department or function of an organization that responds to inquiries or complaints
from customers of that organization. Customers may communicate in person or via written
correspondence, toll telephone, etc.
Various techniques are used to generate correspondence back to the customer, including
checklists, form letters, typewritten letters, computer letters (fill-in type), or computer-
generated personalized letters. Typewritten letters are best for irate complaints or special
situations. Computer letters combine the benefits of personalization with the efficiencies of
automation.
Customer service correspondence may be in letterhead or postcard format. Customer service is
an important part of the fulfillment function, ensuring that customers will buy again and/or continue to be good customers.
Q:Write a report on distance education(5)
Q:Write a letter to decoration firm to decorate your house or building(5)
What is 'coherence' and why is it important?5 marks
What is biased language give example? 5 marks
Customer Services is a department of an organization specified for a response to inquires. Write a note on Customer Services
.5 marks
Explain briefly the importance of emotion and logic while writing persuasive messages.3 marks
Do you think words convey meanings? Be precise in your answer3 marks
Write informal writing? 2 marks
How can you get accuracy while writing a report?2 marks
2 marks bad news messege
2 marks smooth business letter techniques
c. Smooth transitions
Such phrases as “to continue the analysis”, “on the other hand” and “additional concept” are
another type of structural clue.
5 marks memo
5 marks agenda and meeting minutes
ENG201 VU Midterm Current Papers Spring 2012 of Virtual
MCQ 10 thy. total quiz 17 thy
subjective quiz write down
1 What are the basic strategies for writing bad news messages?
2. Describe random list briefly?
3. How do camouflaged verbs affect the process of business communication?
Explain with examples.
4. What are the characteristics of a good opening of a report?
5. Write a note on application letter?
6. Write down the reasons for conveying a bad news about orders?
7. Define the following.
• Phantom readers
• Future readers
• Complex readers
.
Another Paper:
define agenda?
define memorandam?
formal and info
write body of letter for furnishing the house
My paper of ENG-201 Dated 13/05/2012 time 03:30pm
total question were 17
total marks were 35
2 questions of 2 marks
2 questions of 3 marks
3 questions of 5 marks
all MCQ's were from Past papers and mostly from SADIA ALI's Mid Term solved papers
Question No: 11 (Marks 2)
What is the basic purpose of business communication?
Question No: 12 (Marks 2)
what are the elements of a business letter, list them only.
Question No: 13 (Marks 3)
What are Acceptance Letter? give a formate of acceptance letter.
Question No:14 (Marks 3)
what are the most common errors done while buffering a letter?
Question No: 15 (Marks 5)
How many types of business letters are there? explain any three of them.
Question No:16 (Marks 5)
what are the main components of Direct plain?
Question No: 17 (Marks 5)
Comments on a statement regarding clarity and accuracy.
10 MCqz
2 Questions of two marks
2 Questions of 3 marks
3 Questions of 5 marks
Q 1what are the key factors of correctness
Q 2 explain complex sentence
Q 3 specific ways to indirect consideration
Q 4 composing of business massages
Q 5 write the way to achieve Good organization
Q 6 write the way of getting consideration
aik Question mjy yad ni arha abhi sory
subjective peper is totally from last 10 chapters
Write a note on completeness principle of communication. 2
Point out the similarity between Memo and Business Letter. 2
What is Informal writing?3
Define the 'Direct Request' approach used in Business communication. Give at least one example. 3
Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Approach? 5
What is the difference between Business Letter and Memo? 5
What is the Reader-Centered Approach? Why is it necessary to keep in view this approach while writing a document? 5
10 mcqz from past papers..
1.define plain English ?(2)
2.a well organized message containing all vital ingredients?(3)
3.what are important for obtaining centre of recommendation (3)
4.what is reader-centred-approach ?why is it important?(5)
5.what type of info is included in meeting minutes ?(5)
6.write short report report related electricity problem (5)
7.attention aspect is important in aida plan comments?(2)
hi friends aj maira paper tha
10 mcqs most are new
2 q of 2 markes
formulating message
order letter and purchase order latter main difference 5
give key terms to analyze the audience.5
or main point ka bara main question tha
mujha yad ni.... par kafi different tha jo upload kia ha un main sa shaed hi koi ho ga q and mcq b bht new tha.... so overall
maina tuqa mar ka dia ha paper... plz pray for me....
Question#1
Proposals
In a proposal, identify a specific problem and state how you will solve that problem. Most
organizations rely on successful proposal writing for their continued existence. You will most
likely spend a major part of your professional life writing proposals.
General Structure:
Learn the basic structure of a proposal. Proposals share a general document architecture, which is
usually modified to suit specific circumstances. The overall structure of a proposal can be broken
down into four parts:
Proposal Structure:
• Front matter
• Body
• Introduction
• Technical approach
• Management requirements
• Work plan • End matter
Front Matter:
The front matter of a proposal includes the following components:
• Letter of transmittal
• Title page
• Summary
• Table of contents
• List of figures and tables
Body: In the introduction to a proposal, do the following: Identify the motivating need or
problem. Develop the immediate context in which this problem has been highlighted. In external
proposals be sure you are responding to the published need and motivation as identified by the
outside agency.
End Mater:
End Matter
Bibliography
Résumés
Appendixes
Question#2
Analytical Assignments:
Why are we having trouble hiring secretaries?
Salaries are too low. What do we pay our secretaries?
What do comparable secretaries pay their secretaries?
Show important is pay in influencing secretaries’ job choices?
Why are we having trouble hiring secretaries?
• Our location is poor.
• The supply of secretaries is diminishing
Question#3
Analysis Report:
The important thing to remember is that no report format is perfect. Company documentation
standards attempt to resolve the issue by prescribing a format into which all analysis reports are
poured. Report design should be flexible enough to meet a variety of writer purposes and
audience needs.
Lack of Confidence:
A lack of confidence in your abilities as a writer is a common source of writer’s block, and it is
usually self-fulfilling. If you do not think you can communicate effectively, you will not be able
to practice your systematic approaches of writing problems is the solution to this problem.
Organizational Problems:
Organizational problems are discovered during the editing phase. Finding and fixing these
problems is what makes editing important. If they are not fixed, readers experience organization
problems as complete breakdowns in communication.
Punctuation Problems:
Accurate punctuation does not ensure accurate communication, but accurate communication is
tremendously enhanced by accurate punctuation. Take the following punctuation test, without
first looking at the correct version which follows, to see how well you know punctuation. The test
focuses on the most common punctuation problems in technical writing.
Incorrect: “Professor Bashir wrote The Future of Artificial Intelligence he has become well
known as a result.” Correct: “Professor Bashir wrote “The Future of Artificial Intelligence”; he
has become well known as a result.”
Readability Problems:
Readability is a buzz word with which most of us are familiar. Much has been said about it, and
there are numerous formulas which supposedly test it. Readability is the likelihood that a project
audience will be able to read and comprehend a piece of documentation.
Sentence Fragments:
A sentence fragment is missing a subject, a HverbH, or both, but is punctuated as if it were a
complete sentence.
Question#4
Comma Splice:
Never link two independent clauses with just a comma; this is known as a comma splice
error. You can correct a comma splice in four ways: Separate the independent clauses
into two separate sentences. Punctuate both sentences with periods. Replace the comma
with a semicolon or with a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb such as however or
furthermore. (The conjunctive adverb is then normally followed by a comma.) Replace
the comma with a comma and a coordinating conjunction. Make one of the clauses into a
subordinate clause.
Question#5
Dangling Modifiers:
A HmodifierH whose connection to the sentence is implied or intended but not actually made explicit
is said to dangle. Dangling modifiers detract from the HclarityH of your writing, so you should make
sure your modifiers are properly connected to the words they modify.
To repair a dangling modifier, add the noun or phrase that the modifier was intended to modify
and rephrase the sentence accordingly.
Question#6
Colons:
Use colons for the following purposes:
• to introduce and emphasize lists, quotations and explanations and certain appositional elements
(see Layout)
• to express ratios
• to separate numbers signifying different nouns, such as in separating units of
• time or elements in a bibliographic citation
• to separate titles from subtitles
Question#7
Pagination:
Number the front matter in italic lowercase roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, and so on). Normally,
number the pages in the body of the document with Arabic numerals, starting with page 1.
Numbers sequentially through page n at the end of the text, including all back matter.
Question#8
Listening:
If you’re typical, you spend over half your communication time listening. Listening supports
effective relationships within the organization, enhances the organization’s delivery of products,
alerts the organization to the innovations growing from both internal and external forces, and
allows the organization to manage the growing diversity both in the workface and in the
customers it serves.
What happens when you listen:
• Sensing
• Interpreting
• Evaluating
• Remembering
• Responding
The three types of listening:
Various situations call for different listening skills. The three types of listening differ not only in
purpose but also in the amount of feedback or interaction that occurs. The goal of content
listening is to understand and retain information imparted by a speaker. You may ask questions,
but basically information flows form the speaker to you. Your job is to identify the key points for
the message, so be sure to listen for clues to its structure:
• Previews
• Transitions
• Summaries
• Enumerated points
How to be a better listener:
Regardless of whether the situation calls for content, critical, or active listening, you can improve
your listening ability by becoming more aware of the habits that distinguish good listeners from
bad. In addition, put nonverbal skills to work as you listen:
• Maintain eye contact
• React responsively with head nods or spoken signals
• Pay attention to the speaker’s body language
You might even test yourself from time to time: when someone is talking, ask yourself whether
you’re actually listening to the speaker or mentally rehearsing how you’ll respond. Above all, try
to be open to the information that will lead to higher-quality decisions, and try to accept the
feeling that will build understanding and mutual respect. If you do, you’ll be well on the way to
becoming a good listener – an important quality when conducting business interviews.
Question#9
Memorandum:
Memoranda are brief, informal reports used to establish a record. They generalize the
communication process by transmitting the message from one or more authors to one or more
recipients. E-mail messages typically take the form of memoranda.
Question#10
Letter:
Use letters to communicate outside your organization. Whereas the memorandum is the primary
vehicle for communication within an organization, letters are often used to communicate to
individuals outside it, especially in formal and semiformal contexts. Letters are an essential part
of all business and technical communication because they are more formal and reliable than
electronic mail and more precise and permanent than telephone or face-to- face conversations.
Letters of Inquiry:
Format of a Letter of Inquiry Components of a letter of inquiry
• Head
• Body
• Footer
• Headings
Letters of Recommendation:
Format of a Letter of Recommendation Components of a letter of Recommendation • Head •
Body • Footer • Headings Methods of obtaining letter of recommendation General guidelines for
writing letter of recommendation
Question#11
Writing Short Reports:
Identify the qualities of good reports and proposals. Choose the proper length and format of your
report. Decide when to use direct versus indirect order. Organize informational and analytical
reports. Establish an appropriate degree of formality in the in a report. Use headings, lists,
transitions, openings and summaries to guide readers through the report.
Question#12
Feasibility Reports:
• Typical writing situation
• The questions readers ask most often
• Superstructure for feasibility reports
• Introduction
• Criteria
• Two ways of presenting criteria
• Importance of presenting criteria early
• Sources of your criteria
• Four common types of criteria
• Method of obtaining facts
• Overview of alternatives
• Evaluation
• Choose carefully between the alternating and divided patterns
• Dismiss obviously unsuitable alternatives
• Put your most important point first
Question#13
Title fly and Title Page:
The title fly is a plane sheet with only the title of the report on it. The title report includes four
blocks of information: The title of the report The name, title and address of the person that
authorized the report The name, title and address of the person that prepared the report The date
on which the report was submitted
Question#14
Developing formal speeches and presentations :
Developing a major speech or presentation is much like writing a formal report, with one
important difference: you need to adjust your technique to an oral communication channel. This
is both an opportunity and a challenge.
The opportunity lies in the interaction that’s possible between you and the audience.
When you speak before a group, you can receive information as well as transmit it. You can
adjust both the content and delivery of your message as you go along, editing your speech or
presentation to make it clearer and more compelling. Instead of simply expressing your ideas, you
can raw out the audience’s ideas and use them to reach a mutually acceptable conclusion. You
can also capitalize on nonverbal signals to convey information to and from your audience.
The challenge lies in maintaining control and accommodating your audience’s limitations. To get
the benefits of oral communication, be flexible. The more you plan to interact with your audience,
the less control you’ll have. Halfway through your presentation an unexpected comment from
someone in the audience could force you to shift to a new line of thought, which requires great
skill.
At the same time, accommodate the limitations of your listeners. To prevent your audience from
losing interest or getting lost, use special techniques when developing the various elements of the
presentation:
– The introduction
– The body
– The close
– The question-and-answer period
– Visual aids
The introduction you have a lot to accomplish during the first few minutes of your speech or
presentation, including
– Arousing your audience’s interest in your topic
– Establishing your credibility
– Preparing the audience for what will follow
That’s why developing the introduction often requires a disproportionate amount of attention.
Question#15
Enumeration:
Use enumeration in reports and other documents to identify sequences of chapters, sections,
page numbers, figures and tables, equations, footnotes, and appendixes. Lengthy reports may
contain and enumerate all these items. Any technical or scientific document of more than one
page, however, will at least enumerate its pages, as well as any other of these elements that
are present.
Chapter-Section Enumeration:
Of the two general enumeration systems widely used, the numerical system is clearer than the
alphanumerical system. In the numerical system, the reader can always locate his or her place
in the document from the single decimal number.
Question#16
Capitalization:
Although there are many specialized rules for capitalizing letters, the following four are the
most common. Capitalize the first words of sentences, including sentences cited in
quotations: The QA engineer has been quoted as saying, "The main source of connector
failure found in the analysis is seal deformation caused by pressures in excess of 1000 psig."
Capitalize proper names, including any particular person, object, place, project, institution,
river, vessel, genus, culture, ethnic group, or formal job title. Unless you are following a
documentation style that specifies otherwise, capitalize titles of books, periodicals, published
and unpublished reports, articles, and document sections.
Rules for Capitalizing Multiple-Word Titles and Proper
Names:
Unless you are following a documentation style that specifies otherwise, observe the
following rules for capitalizing multiple word titles and proper nouns. Capitalize all nouns,
pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions. Capitalize any word,
regardless of the part of speech, if it is the first or last word of the title or subtitle or a proper
name or if it follows a punctuation mark indicating a break in the title.
General Guidelines for Capitalizing Scientific Terms:
Each discipline has its own specific conventions for determining which terms should be
capitalized. In general, scientific writing tends to minimize capitalized nouns. Capitalize
astronomical terms such as the names of galaxies, constellations, stars, planets and their
satellites, and asteroids. However, the terms earth, sun, and moon are often not capitalized
unless they appear in a sentence that refers to other astronomical bodies.
–The sun is an ordinary star. Venus and Earth differ significantly in the composition of
their atmospheres. Do not capitalize medical terms except for any part of a term consisting of
a proper noun:
1. Infectious mononucleosis
2. Brachial plexus
3. Parkinson's disease
Read more: ENG201_Subjective-SOLVED FOR PAPERS.pdf - Virtual University of Pakistan
http://vustudents.ning.com/group/eng201businessandtechnicalenglishwriting/forum/topics/eng201-subjective-solved-for-papers-
pdf#ixzz1uxN5iOBb
11th May 2012
Eng201
Paper 1
Eng201 VU Midterm Current Papers Spring 2012.
Eng201 overseas
totoal 17 questions
10 mcqs
.
1.what is courtsy closing?2
.
2.what is the general purpose of bussiness message?2
Business messages have the following general purposes:
o Inform
o Persuade
o Collaborate
.
3.what is coherence and why it is important?(5)
4. Coherence
Look for ways to improve the coherence of your writing. Coherence is the quality of hanging
together, of providing the reader an easily followed path.
Writers promote coherence by making their material logically and stylistically consistent, and
by organizing and expressing their ideas in specific patterns. Efforts to emphasize the
relationships among the elements of a document strengthen its impact. Coherence can
dramatically improve the reader's ability to understand your material by promoting its flow or readability. Coherence is especially valued in Technical Communication and Writing because
of the inherent complexity of the subjects.
At the level of the whole document, coherence helps to provide the larger picture, in which the connections among the parts of the document are made clear by the writer. It gives readers a
roadmap to help them anticipate the content of your work. Abstracts, clear titles, introductions
and problem statements all promote coherence by linking various parts of a piece of writing.
.
4.what are the general rules of direct request?(5)
.
5.what is biased language give examples?(5)
Biased Language:
Avoid language that could be interpreted as biased on the basis of sex, HageH, physical ability, or
Hethnic or racial identityH. Instead, use language that is inclusive and avoids unintended
stereotypes, and refer to people and groups using labels they prefer.
• Ageist Language
• Language Biased against People with Disabilities
• Ethnically or Racially Biased Language
What is enquiry letter?
Step of writing recmmendation letter?
how to edit business message(steps)
part of writing indirect meassage
Definition of Semantic
Difference b/w Denotation and Connotation
Buffer
Persuasive Message
Letter and Memo
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