MBBS ENTRANCE TEST COMPLETE SYLLABUS
STRUCTURE OF ENTRANCE TEST PAPER 2011
Sr.# Subject No. of
Questions
1.
PHYSICS
44
2.
CHEMISTRY
44
3.
ENGLISH
22
4.
BIOLOGY
88
5.
APTITUDE
22
TOTAL
220
2
MBBS
Syllabus For Entrance Test For F.Sc/Non-F.Sc Students
Complete Syllabus
CONTENTS PAGE#PHYSICS
Syllabus 1-5
TOS 6
CHEMISTRY
Syllabus 7-18
TOS 19
ENGLISH
Syllabus 20-25
BIOLOGY
Syllabus 26-33
TOS 34
APTITUDE
Syllabus 35-36
TOS 37
Model Paper For Entrance Test 2011 38-56
Section of Physics 38-41
Section of Chemistry 41-46
Section of English 47-48
Section of Biology 48-53
Section of Aptitude 54-56
3
PHYSICS
STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS (2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Physical Quantities and Units
2. Forces
3. Fluid Dynamics
4. Light
5. Waves
6. Deformation of Solids
7. Ideal Gases
8. Heat and Thermodynamics
9. Electronics
10. Current Electricity
11. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
12. Modern Physics
13. Nuclear Physics
4
1. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Understand what is physics.
b) Understand that all physical quantities consist of a numerical magnitude and a unit.
c) Recall the following base quantities and their units; mass (kg), length (m), time (s),
current (A), temperature (K), luminous intensity (cd) and amount of substance (mol)
d) Describe and use base units and derived units.
e) Dimensional units of physical quantities.
2. FORCES:
Learning Outcomes
a) Show an understanding the concept of weight.
b) Show an understanding that the weight of a body may be taken as acting at a single
point known as its centre of gravity.
c) Weightlessness in an elevator.
d) Define and apply the moment of force.
3. FLUID DYNAMICS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Concept of viscosity.
b) Understand the terms steady (Laminar, streamline) flow, incompressible flow, non-
viscous flow as applied to the motion of an ideal fluid.
c) Appreciate the equation of continuity.
2 2 1 1 V A V A = for the flow of an ideal and incompressible fluid.
d) Understand Bernoulli’s equation
= + + gh v P ρ ρ 2
2
1
Constant
e) Understand that the pressure difference can arise from different rates of flow of a fluid
(Blood flow).
5
4. LIGHT:
Learning Outcomes
a) Understand interference of light.
b) Understand diffraction of light.
c) Describe the phenomenon of diffraction of X-rays by crystals and its use.
d) Understand polarization of light.
e) Concepts of least distance of distinct vision.
• Short sightedness, long sightedness.
f) Understand the terms magnifying power and resolving power
( = R
min
1
α
, = R
λ
λ
∆
) of optical instruments.
g) Derive expressions for magnifying power of simple microscope and compound
microscope.
h) Understand the principle of optical fibres, types and its application.
5. WAVES:
Learning Outcomes
a) Understand the simple harmonic motion with examples.
b) Explain energy in simple harmonic motion.
c) Describe practical examples of free and forced oscillations.
d) Understand the resonance with its applications.
e) Understand and describe Doppler’s effect and its causes. Recognize the application of
Doppler’s effect.
f) Understand Ultrasound with its uses in scanning.
g) Show an understanding speed of sound in different media.
h) Audioable frequency range.
6. DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Appreciate deformation caused by a force and that is in one dimension.
b) Understand tensile or compressive deformation.
c) Understand the terms stress, stain young’s modulus and Bulk modulus.
d) Energy stored in deformed material.
6
7. IDEAL GAS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Recall and use equation of state of an ideal gas nRT PV = .
b) State the basic assumptions of Kinetic theory of gases.
c) Derive gas laws on the basis of kinetic theory of gases.
d) Understand pressure of gas > < = 2
0
2
1
3
2
mv N P .
8. HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Understand the term thermal equilibrium.
b) Concepts of temperature and temperature scales.
c) Compare the relative advantage and disadvantage of thermocouple, thermometer
and mercury thermometer.
d) Understand laws of thermodynamics.
e) Show an understanding the term internal energy.
9. ELECTRONICS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Logic gates:
• OR gate, AND gate, NOT Gate, NOR gate and NAND gate.
b) Understand the basic principle of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and appreciate its use.
10. CURRENT ELECTRICITY:
Learning Outcomes
a) State Ohm’s law and solve problems V= IR
b) Combinations of resistors.
c) Show an understanding of a capacitor.
d) Combinations of capacitors.
7
11. MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM:
Learning Outcomes
a) Magnetic field due to current in
i) Straight wire
ii) Solenoid
b) Understand Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
12. MODERN PHYSICS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Principle of production of X-rays by electron bombardment on metal target.
b) Describe main features of X-ray tube.
c) Use of X-rays in imaging internal body structures.
d) Show an understanding of the purpose of computed tomography or CT scanning.
e) Show an understanding of the principles of CT scanning.
f) Understand laser principle and its type (Helium – Neon Laser).
g) Describe the application of laser in medicine and industry.
13. NUCLEAR PHYSICS:
Learning Outcomes
a) Understand Radioactivity.
b) Understand Radioactive decay.
c) Radio Isotopes and their biological uses.
d) Nuclear radiation detectors
• GM tube, Wilson cloud chamber.
e) Radiation hazards and biological effect of radiation.
8
Table of Specification (PHYSICS-2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
Sr. No Topic MCQs
1. Physical Quantities and Units
02
2. Forces
02
3. Fluid Dynamics
03
4. Light
04
5. Waves
04
6. Deformation of Solids
02
7. Ideal Gases
02
8. Heat and Thermodynamics
03
9. Electronics
02
10. Current Electricity
03
11. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
03
12. Modern Physics
07
13. Nuclear Physics
07
Total 44
9
CHEMISTRY
STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS (2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Physical Chemistry
1. Fundamental Concepts
2. States of Matter
3. Atomic Structure
4. Chemical Bonding
5. Chemical Energetics
6. Solutions
7. Electrochemistry
8. Chemical Equilibrium
9. Reaction Kinetics
B. Inorganic Chemistry
1. Periods
2. Groups
3. Transition elements
4. Elements of Biological Importance
C. Organic Chemistry
1. Fundamental Principles
2. Hydrocarbon
3. Alkyl Halides
4. Alcohols and Phenols
5. Aldehydes and Ketones
6. Carboxylic Acid
7. Amino Acids
8. Macromolecules
9. Environmental Chemistry
10
A. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Define relative atomic, isotopic, molecular and formula masses, based on the
12
C
scale.
b) Explain mole in terms of the Avogadro’s constant.
c) Apply mass spectrometric technique in determining the relative atomic mass of an
element using the mass spectral data provided.
d) Calculate empirical and molecular formulae, using combustion data.
e) Understand stoichiometric calculations using mole concept involving.
i) Reacting masses
ii) Volume of gases
2. STATES OF MATTER:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Understate gaseous state with reference to:
i) Postulates of kinetic molecular theory
ii) Deviation of real gases from ideal behavior
iii) Gas laws: Boyle’s law, Charles law, Avogadro’s law and gas equation (PV=nRT)
and calculations involving gas laws.
iv) Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour at low temperature and high pressure
v) Causes of deviation from ideal behaviour
vi) Conditions necessary for gasses to approach ideal behaviour
b) Discuss liquid state with reference to:
• Evaporation, vapour pressure, boiling and hydrogen bonding in water
c) Explain the lattice structure of a crystalline solid with special emphasis on:
i) Giant ionic structure, as in sodium chloride.
ii) Simple molecular, as in iodine
iii) Giant molecular, as in graphite; diamond; silicon(IV) oxide
iv) Hydrogen-bonded, as in ice
v) Metallic as in Cu and Fe.
d) Outline the importance of hydrogen bonding to the physical properties of substances,
including NH3, H2O, C2H5OH and ice.
e) Suggest from quoted physical data the type of structure and bonding present in a
substance
11
3. ATOMIC STRUCTURE:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Identify and describe the proton, neutron and electron in terms of their relative
charges and relative masses
b) Discuss the behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons in electric fields
c) Calculate the distribution of mass and charges within an atom from the given data
d) Deduce the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and
ions for a given proton and nucleon numbers/charge.
e)
i) Describe the contribution of protons and neutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of
proton number and nucleon number
ii) Distinguish between isotopes on the basis of different numbers of neutrons
present
f) Describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal
quantum numbers 1, 2 and 3 and also the 4s and 4p orbitals
g) Describe the shapes of s and p orbitals
h) State the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the proton number/charge
i) Explain:
i) Ionization energy
ii) The factors influencing the ionization energies of elements
iii) The trends in ionization energies across a Period and down a Group of the Periodic
Table
4. CHEMICAL BONDING:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Characterise electrovalent (ionic) bond as in sodium chloride and Calcium oxide.
b) Use the ‘dot-and-cross’ diagrams to explain
i) Covalent bonding, as in hydrogen(H2); oxygen(O2); chlorine(Cl2); hydrogen
chloride; carbon dioxide; methane and ethene
ii) Co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonding, as in the formation of the ammonium ion
and in H3N+–
-
BF3.
c) Describe the shapes and bond angles in molecules by using the qualitative model of
electron-pair repulsion theory up to 4 pairs of electron including bonded electron pair
and lone pair around central atom.
d) Describe covalent bonding in terms of orbital overlap, giving σ and Π bonds
e) Explain the shape of, and bond angles in ethane, ethene and benzene molecules in
terms of σ and Π bonds
12
f) Describe hydrogen bonding, using ammonia and water as simple examples of
molecules containing N-H and O-H groups
g) Explain the terms bond energy, bond length and bond polarity and use them to
compare the reactivities of covalent bonds
h) Describe intermolecular forces (Van der Waal’s forces), based on permanent and
induced dipoles, as in CHCl3, Br2 and in liquid noble gases
i) Describe metallic bonding in terms of a lattice of positive ions surrounded by mobile
electrons
j) Describe, interpret and/or predict the effect of different types of bonding (ionic
bonding; covalent bonding; hydrogen bonding; Van der Waal’s forces and metallic
bonding) on the physical properties of substances
k) Deduce the type of bonding present in a substance from the given information
5. CHEMICAL ENERGETICS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Understand concept of energy changes during chemical reactions with examples of
exothermic and endothermic reactions.
b) Explain and use the terms:
i) Enthalpy change of reaction and standard conditions, with particular reference to:
Formation; combustion; hydration; solution; neutralization and atomisation
ii) Bond energy (∆H positive, i.e. bond breaking)
iii) Lattice energy (∆H negative, i.e. gaseous ions to solid lattice)
c) Find heat of reactions/neutralization from experimental results using mathematical
relationship.
∆H=mc∆T
d) Explain, in qualitative terms, the effect of ionic charge and of ionic radius on the
numerical magnitude of lattice energy
e) Apply Hess’s Law to construct simple energy cycles, and carry out calculations
involving such cycles and relevant energy terms, with particular reference to:
i) Determining enthalpy changes that cannot be found by direct experiment, e.g. an
enthalpy change of formation from enthalpy changes of combustion
ii) Average bond energies
iii) Born-Haber cycles (including ionisation energy and electron affinity)
13
6. SOLUTIONS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Describe and explain following concentration units of solutions
i) Percentage composition
ii) Molarity (M)
iii) Molality (m)
iv) Mole fraction (X)
v) Parts of million (ppm)
b) Understand concept and applications of colligative properties such as:
i) Elevation of boiling point
ii) Depression of freezing point
iii) Osmotic pressure
7. ELECTROCHEMISTRY:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Explain the industrial processes of the electrolysis of brine, using a diaphragm cell
b) Describe and explain redox processes in terms of electron transfer and/or of changes
in oxidation number
c) Define the terms:
• Standard electrode (redox) potential and Standard cell potential
d) Describe the standard hydrogen electrode as reference electrode
e) Describe methods used to measure the standard electrode potentials of metals or
non-metals in contact with their ions in aqueous solution
f) Calculate a standard cell potential by combining two standard electrode potentials
g) Use standard cell potentials to:
i) Explain/deduce the direction of electron flow in the external circuit.
ii) Predict the feasibility of a reaction
h) Construct redox equations using the relevant half-equations
i) State the possible advantages of developing the H2/O2 fuel cell
j) Predict and to identify the substance liberated during electrolysis from the state of
electrolyte (molten or aqueous), position in the redox series (electrode potential) and
concentration
14
8. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Explain, in terms of rates of the forward and reverse reactions, what is meant by a
reversible reaction and dynamic equilibrium
b) State Le Chatelier’s Principle and apply it to deduce qualitatively the effects of
changes in temperature, concentration or pressure, on a system at equilibrium
c) Deduce whether changes in concentration, pressure or temperature or the presence
of a catalyst affect the value of the equilibrium constant for a reaction
d) Deduce expressions for equilibrium constants in terms of concentrations, Kc, and
partial pressures, Kp
e) Calculate the values of equilibrium constants in terms of concentrations or partial
pressures from appropriate data
f) Calculate the quantities present at equilibrium, given appropriate data
g) Describe and explain the conditions used in the Haber process.
h) Understand and use the Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases
i) Explain qualitatively the differences in behaviour between strong and weak acids and
bases and the pH values of their aqueous solutions in terms of the extent of
dissociation
j) Explain the terms pH; Ka; pKa; Kw and use them in calculations
k) Calculate [H+(aq)] and pH values for strong and weak acids and strong bases
l) Explain how buffer solutions control pH
m) Calculate the pH of buffer solutions from the given appropriate data
n) Show understanding of, and use, the concept of solubility product, Ksp
o) Calculate Ksp from concentrations and vice versa
p) Show understanding of the common ion effect
15
9. REACTION KINETICS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Explain and use the terms: rate of reaction; activation energy; catalysis; rate
equation; order of reaction; rate constant; half-life of a reaction; rate-determining
step
b) Explain qualitatively, in terms of collisions, the effect of concentration changes on the
rate of a reaction
c) Explain that, in the presence of a catalyst, a reaction has a different mechanism, i.e.
one of lower activation energy
d) Describe enzymes as biological catalysts (proteins) which may have specific activity
e) Construct and use rate equations of the form
Rate = k[A]
m[B]
n
with special emphasis on:
i) Deducing the order of a reaction by the initial rates method
ii) Justifying, for zero- and first-order reactions, the order of reaction from
concentration-time graphs
iii) Verifying that a suggested reaction mechanism is consistent with the observed
kinetics
iv) Predicting the order that would result from a given reaction mechanism (and vice
versa)
v) Calculating an initial rate using concentration data
f) Show understanding that the half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of initial
concentration and use the half-life to calculate order of reaction.
g) Calculate the rate constant from the given data
h) Name a suitable method for studying the rate of a reaction, from given information
B. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. PERIODS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
Discuss the variation in the physical properties of elements belonging to period 2 and 3
and to describe and explain the periodicity in the following physical properties of
elements.
a) Atomic radius
b) Ionic radius
c) Melting point
d) Boiling point
e) Electrical conductivity
f) Ionization energy
16
2. GROUPS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
Describe and explain the variation in the properties of group II, IV and VII elements
from top to bottom with special emphasis on:
a) Reactions of group-II elements with oxygen and water
b) Characteristics of oxides of carbon and silicon
c) Properties of halogens and uses of chlorine in water purification and as bleaching
agent
d) Uses of Nobel gases (group VIII)
3. TRANSITION ELEMENTS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
Discuss the chemistry of transition elements of 3-d series with special emphasis on:
a) Electronic configuration
b) Variable oxidation states
c) Use as a catalyst
d) Formation of complexes
e) Colour of transition metal complexes
4. ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Describe the inertness of Nitrogen
b) Manufacture of Ammonia by Haber process
c) Discuss the preparation of Nitric acid and nitrogenous fertilizers
d) Describe the presence of Suphur dioxide in the atmosphere which causes acid rain
e) Describe the manufacture of Sulphuric acid by contact method
17
C. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Classify the organic compounds
b) Explain the types of bond fission, homolytic and heterolytic
c) Discuss the types of organic reactions; Polar and free radical
d) Discuss the types of reagents; nucleophile, electrophile and free radicals
e) Explain isomerism; structural and cis-trans
f) Describe and explain condensed structural formula, displayed and skeletal formula
g) Discuss nomenclature of organic compounds with reference to IUPAC names of
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alcohols and Acids
2. HYDROCARBON:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
Describe the chemistry of Alkanes with emphasis on
a) Combustion
b) Free radical substitution including mechanism
Discuss the chemistry of Alkenes with emphasis on
a) Preparation of alkenes by elimination reactions
i) Dehydration of alcohols
ii) Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl halide
b) Reaction of Alkenes such as
i) Catalytic hydrogenation
ii) Halogenation (Br2 addition to be used as a test of an alkene)
iii) Hydration of alkenes
iv) Reaction with HBr with special reference to Markownikoff’s rule
v) Oxidation of alkenes using Bayer’s reagent (cold alkaline KMnO4) and using hot
concentrated acidic KMnO4 for cleavage of double bond
vi) Polymerization of ethene
Discuss chemistry of Benzene with examples
a) Structure of benzene showing the delocalized Π-orbital which causes stability of
benzene
b) Electrolphillic substitution reactions of benzene
i) Nitration including mechanism
ii) Halogenation
iii) Friedel Craft’s reaction
18
3. ALKYL HALIDES:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Discuss importance of halogenoalkanes in everyday life with special use of CFCs,
halothanes, CCl4, CHCl3 and Teflon
b) Reaction of alkyl halides such as:
SN-reactions, (Reactions of alcohols with aqueous KOH, KCN in alcohol and with
aqueous NH3)
Elimination reaction with alcoholic KOH to give alkenes.
4. ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
Discus Alcohols with reference to
a) Classification of alcohols into primary, secondary and tertiary
b) Preparation of ethanol by fermentation process
c) Reaction of alcohol with
i) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
ii) PCl5
iii) Na-metal
iv) Alkaline aqueous Iodine
v) Esterification
vi) Dehydration
Phenols
a) Discuss reactions of phenol with:
i) Bromine ii) HNO3
b) Explain the relative acidity of water, ethanol and phenol
19
5. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Describe the structure of aldehyde and ketones
b) Discuss preparation of aldehydes and ketones by oxidation of alcohols
c) Discuss following reactions of aldehydes and ketones
i) Common to both
• 2,4-DNPH
• HCN
ii) Reactions in which Aldehydes differs from ketones
• Oxidation with K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4, Tollen’s reagent and Fehling solution
• Reduction with sodium boron hydride
iii) Reaction which show presence of CH3CO group in aldehydes and ketones
• •• • Triiodomethane test (Iodo form test) using alkaline aqueous iodine.
6. CARBOXYLIC ACID:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Show preparation of ethanoic acid by oxidation of ethanol or by the hydrolysis of
CH3CN
b) Discuss the reactions of ethanoic acid with emphasis on:
i) Salt formation
ii) Esterification
iii) Acid chloride formation
iv) Amide formation
c) Hydrolysis of amide in basic and acidic medium
d) Describe the strength of organic acids relative to chloro substituted acids
7. AMINO ACIDS:
In this topic, candidate should be able to:
a) Describe the general structure of α-amino acids found in proteins
b) Classify the amino acids on the basis of nature of R-group
c) Describe what is meant by essential amino acids
d) Understand peptide bond formation and hydrolysis of polypeptides/protein
20
8. MACROMOLECULES:
In this topic, candidate should be able to describe and explain
a) Addition polymers such as polyethene, polypropene, polystyrene and PVC.
b) Condensation polymers such as polyesters, nylon
c) Structure of proteins
d) Chemistry of carbohydrates
e) Chemistry of lipids
f) Enzymes
g) Structure and function of nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
9. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY:
In this topic, candidate should be able to
a) Understand causes of water pollution
b) Discuss disposal of solid wastes
c) Understand chemistry and causes of
i) Smog
ii) Acid rain
iii) Ozone layer
21
Table of Specification (CHEMISTRY-2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
Topic MCQs
A. Physical Chemistry
1. Fundamental concepts 02
2. States of matter 02
3. Atomic structure 02
4. Chemical bonding 02
5. Chemical energetics 01
6. Solutions 02
7. Electrochemistry 01
8. Chemical Equilibrium 02
9. Reaction kinetics 02
B. Inorganic Chemistry
1. Periods 02
2. Groups 02
3. Transition elements 02
4. Elements of biological importance 02
C. Organic Chemistry
1. Fundamental principles 02
2. Hydrocarbon 02
3. Alkyl halides 02
4. Alcohols and Phenols 02
5. Aldehydes and Ketones 02
6. Carboxylic acid 02
7. Amino acids 03
8. Macromolecules 03
9. Environmental chemistry 02
Total 44
22
ENGLISH
STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS (2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
The English section shall consist of four parts:
Part I:
• It will be comprised of Four Questions in which the candidate will have to select
the appropriate/suitable word from the given alternatives.
Part II:
• It will contain sentences with grammatical errors and the candidate will have to
identify the error. There will be Four Questions from this part.
Part III:
• There will be Four Questions consisting of a list of Four sentences each. The
candidate will have to choose the grammatically correct sentence out of the given
four options.
Part IV:
• In this part, the candidate will be asked to choose the right synonyms. Four
options will be given and He/She will have to choose the most appropriate one.
There will be Ten Questions from this part.
Essential Word Power
1. A Acupuncture
2. Aberration
3. Abnegate
4. Aboriginal
5. Absolution
6. Abstruse
7. Acclimate
8. Accolade
9. Accrue
10. Acquiesce
11. Actuary
12. Acumen
13. Adage
14. Adamantine
15. Addled
16. Admonition
17. Adonis
18. Adroitness
19. Aerobic- exercise
20. Aerodynamic
21. Affect
22. Affinity
23. Afflatus
24. Akimbo
25. Alacrity
26. Allay
27. Altruistic
28. Amazon
29. Ambulatory
30. Ameliorate
31. Amenities
32. Amorphous
33. Ampere
34. Analogue
35. Anaphylactic
36. Aneurysm
37. Angina
38. Anomaly
39. Anomie
40. Antagonist
41. Antibody
42. Apocryphal
43. Apprehension
44. Aquaplane
45. Aquifer
46. Arbiter
47. Arboreal
48. Arcane
49. Archives
50. Argosy
51. Aria
52. Armada
53. Articulated
54. Artifice
55. Ascetic
56. Asgard
57. Askance
58. Aspersion
59. Assimilate
60. Assume
61. Atrophy
62. Attire
63. Audacious
64. August
65. Auspicious
66. Avatar
67. Avid Avid
68. Avoirdupois
69. Bacchanal
70. Baedeker
71. Balk
72. Bamboozle
73. Bantam
74. Barbaric
75. Basilica
76. Batik
77. Batter
78. Battery
79. Bauble
80. Bayou
81. Beguile
23
82. Behest
83. Belated
84. Benediction
85. Beneficence
86. Benign
87. Bequeath
88. Berate
89. Berm
90. Beset
91. Bifurcated
92. Bistro
93. Blandish
94. Blasphemous
95. Blathering
96. Blaze
97. Bloom
98. Bonk
99. Bonsai
100. Botanicals
101. Bouquet
102. Bowdlerize
103. Braille
104. Brambles
105. Brassy
106. Bravura
107. Bray
108. Brio
109. Broach
110. Broadside
111. Buckle
112. Buoyant
113. Burgeoning
114. Cachet
115. Caesarean
116. Caliph
117. Calisthenics
118. Camber
119. Cameo
120. Candelabra
121. Capital
122. Capsule
123. Carapace
124. Cardigan
125. Career
126. Caricature
127. Cartographer
128. Cast
129. Catacomb
130. Catalyst
131. Catharsis
132. Caulk
133. Cause célèbre
134. Cay
135. Centennial
136. Cerberus
137. Chassis
138. Chastise
139. Chiaroscuro
140. Chicane
141. Chimerical
142. Chivalry
143. Chromosome
144. Churn
145. Chutzpah
146. Clamorous
147. Claret
148. Classic
149. Classical
150. Clement
151. Close
152. Cloud nine
153. Coast
154. Cobble
155. Coccyx
156. Coercive
157. Coif
158. Collage
159. Comatose
160. Comely
161. Commiserate
162. Commute
163. Compact
164. Compatible
165. Complacent
166. Concerted
167. Condone
168. Conciliatory
169. Confiscatory
170. Confound
171. Congeal.
172. Congruent
173. Contemporary
174. Contiguous
175. Contradow
176. Contravention
177. Contrive
178. Contumely
179. Contusion
180. Copacetic
181. Coquetry
182. Cordial
183. Cordiality
184. Corked
185. Corollary
186. Corpuscle
187. Corroborating
188. Cosset
189. Coterie
190. Covert
191. Coveted
192. Crass
193. Craven
194. Crenelate
195. Crescendo
196. Crescent
197. Criterion
198. Cue
199. Cul-de-sac
200. Cut and run
201. Cuvee
202. Cygnet
203. Cynical
204. Dacha
205. Dale
206. Dam
207. Dappled
208. Dark horse
209. Dead-ender
210. Deadhead
211. Debility
212. Debunk
213. Debut
214. Decant
215. Decathlon
216. Decelerate
217. Decorum
218. Decry
219. Defenestration
220. Deferential
221. Deferment
222. Delegate
223. Delta
224. Demographics
225. Demure
226. Denomination
227. Deracinate
228. Desiccate
229. Deuce
230. Devious
231. Dexter
232. Diaspora
233. Diffidence
234. Diffident
235. Diligence
236. Diligent
237. Diocese
238. Diorama
239. Diptych
240. Discombobulate
241. Discourse
242. Discrepancy
243. Discretion
244. Disdain
245. Disingenuous
246. Dissension
247. Dissent
248. Dissenter
249. Dissonance
250. Diva
251. Divagate
252. Divulge
253. Docent
254. Dote
255. Downy
256. Droll
257. Dryad
258. Dulcet
24
259. Dunce
260. Duplicitous
261. Edda
262. Effect
263. Effervescent
264. El dorado
265. Electrolytes
266. Elicit
267. Elucidate
268. Elusive
269. Embed
270. Embedded
271. Emblazon
272. Emblematic
273. Emboss
274. Emit
275. Empathy
276. Emulate
277. Encomium
278. Encumber
279. Encyclical
280. Enhance
281. Ennui
282. Epicenter
283. Equipoise
284. Equivocate
285. Ergometer
286. Eschew
287. Espalier
288. Ethic
289. Etude
290. Euphonious
291. Evanescent
292. Evasive
293. Evocative
294. Excavate
295. Execrable
296. Exhortation
297. Exonerate
298. Exploitation
299. Extemporaneous
300. Extrapolate
301. Extricate
302. Extrinsic
303. Fabricate
304. Facile
305. Facilitate
306. Fait accompli
307. Fakir
308. Fartlek
309. Fascia
310. Fateful
311. Faux
312. Fawning
313. Feasible
314. Feckless
315. Felicitous
316. Felicity
317. Feral
318. Fermentation
319. Fiesta
320. Figment
321. Filigree
322. Finagle
323. Fistmele
324. Flaunt
325. Flibbertigibbet
326. Florid
327. Flotsam and
jetsam
328. Flux
329. Fop
330. Forswear
331. Frowsy
332. Funicular
333. Gable
334. Galoot
335. Galvanize
336. Gambit
337. Garnish
338. Gaudy
339. Genocide
340. Geodesic
341. Gesticulate
342. Gesundheit
343. Gild
344. Glaucoma
345. Glaze
346. Glib
347. Glucose
348. Gradient
349. Grapevine
350. Green
351. Gridlock
352. Guileless
353. Guise
354. Gull
355. Guru
356. Habiliments
357. Hackles
358. Hail
359. Halcyon
360. Hallux
361. Hammer and
tongs
362. Harangue
363. Hawk
364. Hector
365. Heinous
366. Hem and haw
367. Herbicide
368. Herculean
369. Hermetic
370. Heterogeneous
371. Hiatus
372. Holistic- medicine
373. Homeopathy
374. Hone
375. Horse latitudes
376. Hue and cry
377. Humane
378. Hydra
379. Hypertension
380. Hypothermia
381. Ichor
382. Idealist
383. Ilk
384. Illicit
385. Imam
386. Immobilize
387. Immolate
388. Impediment
389. Impending
390. Impetuous
391. Impetus
392. Impinge
393. Implacable
394. Importune
395. Imprecation
396. Impregnable
397. Improvise
398. Impugn
399. Impute
400. Inanity
401. Incarnate
402. Incentive
403. Incisive
404. Inculcate
405. Indigent
406. Ineradicable
407. Inertia
408. Infallible
409. Infidel
410. Infraction
411. Infusion
412. Inherent
413. Iniquity
414. Innocuous
415. Innovate
416. Inoculate
417. Inordinate
418. Inquisition
419. Inscrutable
420. Inter
421. Intransigent
422. Intrinsic
423. Irrefutable
424. Isotroplc
425. Itinerant
426. Jackknife
427. Jaded
428. Jargon
429. Jejune
430. Jell
431. Jeopardy
432. Jeremiad
433. Jettison
25
434. Jig
435. Jihad
436. Jingoism
437. Jitney
438. Jocular
439. Jocund
440. Joist
441. Journeyman
442. Joust
443. Jubilee
444. Judicial
445. Judicious
446. Juggernaut
447. Juncture
448. Junket
449. Junta
450. Justify
451. Juxtapose
452. Kahuna
453. Ken
454. Kerfuffle
455. Kibitz
456. Kiln
457. Kismet
458. Lacerating
459. Laconic
460. Lacunae
461. Laity
462. Lampoon
463. Lapidary
464. Largess
465. Latent
466. Lathe
467. Laud
468. Lee
469. Leitmotif
470. Lemming
471. Liement
472. Ligament
473. Ligature
474. Lineage
475. Lion's share
476. Lipid
477. Lissome
478. Litter
479. Liturgy
480. Lodestar
481. Lucidity
482. Lulu
483. Macrame
484. Magnanimous
485. Magnum
486. Malevolence
487. Mandala
488. Maneuver
489. Manicured
490. Manifestation
491. Mansard
492. Matriculation
493. Mausoleum
494. Maverick
495. Mean
496. Medley
497. Melange
498. Memento
499. Menial
500. Mentor
501. Meritorious
502. Mesa
503. Mesmerize
504. Metabolism
505. Microcosm
506. Militate
507. Minatory
508. Mirth
509. Misanthropy
510. Misapprehension
511. Mitigation
512. Modish
513. Monolithic
514. Monotheism
515. Montage
516. Moot
517. Morass
518. Moratorium
519. Mordant
520. Mosaic
521. Mosey
522. Mote
523. Motif
524. Motley
525. Mountebank
526. Mulct
527. Mumbo jumbo
528. Murky
529. Muse
530. Must
531. Myriad
532. Nadir
533. Nary
534. Née
535. Neologism
536. Nexus
537. Nibelung
538. Niche
539. Nike
540. Nip and tuck
541. Non sequitur
542. Nuance
543. Nuclear family
544. Obeisance
545. Obi
546. Obliterate
547. Obsequious
548. Obstreperous
549. Obtuse
550. Odometer
551. Onerous
552. Onslaught
553. Onyx
554. Opaque
555. Opportune
556. Optimum
557. Orb
558. Origami
559. Orthodox
560. Orthotic
561. Otiose
562. Overdraft
563. Oxymoron
564. Pad
565. Paddy
566. Palatable
567. Palaver
568. Palazzo
569. Palpitation
570. Pampas
571. Pan
572. Pandemic
573. Paper tiger
574. Papier-mache
575. Par
576. Paradox
577. Paragon
578. Paramedic
579. Parameter
580. Parcel
581. Pare
582. Parlous
583. Paroxysm
584. Pathos
585. Patisserie
586. Peccadillo
587. Pedestrian
588. Peerless
589. Pending
590. Pendulous
591. Peninsula
592. Penultimate
593. Perfidious
594. Perfidy
595. Perfunctory
596. Perimeter
597. Peripheral
598. Periphery
599. Permeate
600. Permutation
601. Peroration
602. Perpetuate
603. Perseverance
604. Persnickety
605. Perspicacious
606. Phalanx
607. Phlegmatic
608. Picayune
609. Piety
610. Pilaster
26
611. Placate
612. Placebo
613. Plague
614. Platonic
615. Plethora
616. Pollex
617. Polyunsaturated
618. Pomp
619. Porcinely
620. Portmanteau
621. Portray
622. Postulate
623. Potable
624. Potpourri
625. Precipitate
626. Précis
627. Preclude
628. Precursor
629. Predatory
630. Pre-emptive
631. Premise
632. Premonition
633. Preplate
634. Prevail
635. Prevalent
636. Prig
637. Primal
638. Privation
639. Pro forma
640. Procrastinate
641. Procure
642. Prodigious
643. Prolific
644. Proponent
645. Proscription
646. Provender
647. Provident
648. Provocative
649. Prowess
650. Prune
651. Purchase
652. Putrid
653. Quadriceps
654. Quagmire
655. Quarter
656. Queasy
657. Querulous
658. Queue
659. Quintessential
660. Quintile
661. Quorum
662. Radiant
663. Rakish
664. Rambunctious
665. Rapacious
666. Rapport
667. Raze
668. Reactionary
669. Recapitulate
670. Reciprocal
671. Reclamation
672. Reclusive
673. Reconnoitre
674. Rectify
675. Red herring
676. Redolent
677. Regatta
678. Regime
679. Regnant
680. Relegate
681. Relief
682. Remedial
683. Renege
684. Renovate
685. Repute
686. Resonance
687. Resound
688. Restitution
689. Resuscitate
690. Retrench
691. Riff
692. Robust
693. Roil
694. Rope-a-dope
695. Roster
696. Ruddy
697. Rue
698. Ruminant
699. Sagacity
700. Sampan
701. Sampler
702. Sanatorium
703. Sanctity
704. Sandbagger
705. Sanguine
706. Sarong
707. Satiate
708. Satire
709. Scam
710. Sceptic
711. Sciatica
712. Score
713. Scorned
714. Scruple
715. Scrutinize
716. Scut work
717. Scuttle
718. Sear
719. Sec
720. Sedate
721. Seder
722. Sediment
723. Segment
724. Seminary
725. Senescent
726. Sensibility
727. Septic
728. Serendipity
729. Seriatim
730. Shaman
731. Shrapnel
732. Sidle
733. Sierra
734. Siesta
735. Silhouette
736. Simony
737. Sinecure
738. Singe
739. Sisyphean
740. Skeptical
741. Skew
742. Skittish
743. Smithereens
744. Smorgasbord
745. Snide
746. Sojourn
747. Solvent
748. Somatic
749. Sophistry
750. Spa
751. Specious
752. Specter
753. Splotch
754. Spurious
755. Squander
756. Stagftation
757. Stalwart
758. Stanch
759. Staples
760. Static
761. Stay
762. Stentorian
763. Steppe
764. Sticky wicket
765. Stilted
766. Stimuli
767. Stipulate
768. Stoicism
769. Stratagem
770. Subdivision
771. Succumb
772. Sui generis
773. Sunder
774. Superficial
775. Superfluous
776. Supposition
777. Surplice
778. Surrealism
779. Surrealistic
780. Sward
781. Swivel
782. Sycophantic
783. Syllogism
784. Symbiosis
785. Table d'hote
786. Taboo
787. Tactile
27
788. Tai chi
789. Tailgate
790. Talk turkey
791. Tank
792. Tariff
793. Taxidermy
794. Tchotchkes
795. Telepathy
796. Temperance
797. Tenacious
798. Tessellate
799. Therapeutic
800. Tinge
801. Tipping point
802. Titan
803. Torpid
804. Totem
805. Totemic
806. Traction
807. Tranquil
808. Transcend
809. Transient
810. Transmute
811. Trash talk
812. Treacly
813. Trepidation
814. Triage
815. Trifle
816. Trilogy
817. Trundle
818. Tussle
819. Uber
820. Uncanny
821. Undergird
822. Understeer
823. Undulate
824. Undulating
825. Unmitigated
826. Unregenerate
827. Urbane
828. Vale
829. Valedictory
830. Vanquish
831. Vascular
832. Vaud
833. Vegetate
834. Velodrome
835. Venality
836. Vendetta
837. Veneer
838. Venerable
839. Venomous
840. Ventricle
841. Veracity
842. Vertex
843. Verve
844. Viability
845. Vintage
846. Vintner
847. Virago
848. Virulent
849. Vista
850. Viticulture
851. Vituperative
852. Vociferous
853. Voguism
854. Voracious
855. Voraciousness
856. Vortex
857. Vulcanize
858. Wadi
859. Wan
860. Wheedle
861. Whiplash
862. Woof
863. Wry
864. Wunderkind
865. Xanadu
866. Xanthic
867. Xanthippe
868. Xenophobic
869. Xeric
870. Xyloid
871. Yarmulke
872. Yin and yang
28
BIOLOGY
STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS (2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Biology
2. Cell Biology
3. Biological Molecules
4. Microbiology
5. Kingdom Animalia and Plantae
6. Human Physiology
7. Bioenergetics
8. Biotechnology
9. Ecosystem
10. Evolution and Genetics
29
1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY:
Content
Branches of Biology
Learning outcomes:
a) Define the following terms:
Ecology, Physiology, Histology, Genetics, Zoogeography, Molecular Biology,
Microbiology, Marine and Fresh water Biology, Biotechnology, Parasitology.
b) What are the various levels of Biological organization starting with atomic and
subatomic levels to community level?
c) Define the following terms:
Transgenic plants, Cloning, Biological control, Biopesticides, Pasteurization,
Disease Control (Preventive measure, Vaccinization, Drug therapy)
2. CELL BIOLOGY:
Content
Cell structure
Structure and Function of cellular organelles
Cell division
Learning outcomes:
a) Compare the structure of typical animal and plant cell
b) Compare and contrast the structure of Prokaryotic cell with Eukaryotic cells
c) Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane and transportation (diffusion, facilitated
diffusion, active and passive transport), endocytosis and exocytosis.
d) Outline the structure and function of the following organelles:
Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Centrioles,
Ribosomes
e) Explain Mitosis, what is its significance?
f) What is Meiosis, describe it in detail.
g) Describe Meiotic errors (Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s
syndrome)
h) Discuss the terms Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis;
i) Discuss and explain:
• Uncontrolled cell division (cancer)
• Programmed cell death (Apoptosis)
• Necrosis
30
3. BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES:
Content
Carbohydrate
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Enzymes
Learning outcomes:
a) Discuss carbohydrates: Monosaccharides (Glucose), Oligosaccharides (Cane sugar,
sucrose), Polysaccharides (Starches)
b) Describe Proteins: Amino acids, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
structure of proteins
c) Describe Lipids: Acylglyceroles, waxes, Phospholipids, Terpenoids
d) Describe the structure along its back bone composition and function of DNA as
hereditary material, Replication of DNA (Semi-conservative), Role of triplet codons,
Transcription (making up of mRNA), Translation (protein synthesis: role of
ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA)
e) Give the structure and types of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)
f) What is enzyme and its role in reducing activation energy?
g) Define the following terms:
• Enzymes, Coenzyme, Co-factor, Prosthetic group, Apoenzyme and Holoenzyme
h) Explain the mode/mechanism of enzyme action
i) Describe the effects of temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate
concentration on the rate of enzyme catalysed reaction
j) Explain the effects of reversible and irreversible, competitive and non-competitive
inhibitors on the rate of enzyme activity
31
4. MICROBIOLOGY:
Content
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Learning outcomes
a) Which are the viral diseases in humans?
b) Reteroviruses and Acquired Immunodeficiency diseases
c) Describe the Life cycle of Bacteriophage (in detail with its all steps) including:
• Lytic cycle
• Lysogenic cycle
d) Describe the structure and types of bacteria
e) Discuss in detail:
• Gram +ve bacteria
• Gram –ve bacteria
• Nutrition in bacteria
f) What are the uses and misuses of antibiotics?
g) What are molds (fungi)? How they are useful and harmful to mankind, give
examples.
h) Describe the Life cycle of fungus (Rhizopus).
5. KINGDOM ANIMALIA AND PLANTAE:
Content
Kingdom Animalia (phyla)
Kingdom Plantae
Learning outcomes:
a) Porifera (with respect to their capacity to regenerate)
b) Coelenterata (coral reefs as habitat for sea animals)
c) Platyhelminthes (Harmful effects on human beings) with examples
d) Ascheliminthes (Infection in humans) with examples
e) Arthropoda (Economic importance of Arthropods and harmful impacts on Man)
f) Define the following terms:
• Coelomata, Acoelomata, Pseudocoele, Radiata, Bilateria, Diploblastic and
Triploblastic organization.
g) Economic importance of families with reference to food and other usefulness:
• Cassia
• Solanaceae
• Gramineae
32
6. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY:
Content
a) Digestive System
b) Gas exchange and Transportation
c) Excretion and Osmoregulation
d) Nervous System
e) Reproduction
f) Support and Movement
g) Hormonal Control (Endocrine Glands)
h) Immunity
Learning outcomes:
a) Digestive System:
• Anatomy of digestive system and specify the digestion in:
- Oral cavity (role of teeth, tongue, saliva and enzymes)
- Stomach (enzymes)
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
b) Gas exchange and Transportation:
• Anatomy of respiratory system (nostrils, trachea, lungs)
• Explain the term breathing
• Discuss Blood composition, lymph, structure of heart, carriage of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
c) Excretion and Osmoregulation:
• Describe the structure of kidney and its functions with respect to homeostasis
• What are Kidney problems and cures?
- Kidney stones, lithotripsy, kidney transplant, dialysis, renal failure
• What do you understand by the term Homeostasis?
d) Nervous System:
• What is Nervous system and its types?
• Explain CNS (Central Nervous System) including forebrain, mid brain, hind brain
and spinal cord
• Explain PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and its types (Autonomic and
Sympathetic Nervous System)
• Neurons (Associative, motor and sensory neuron)
• Discuss the Nervous disorders (Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s
disease)
• What do you understand by Biological clock and circadian Rhythms?
33
e) Reproduction:
• Explain the Reproductive system in male in detail
• Explain the Reproductive system in female / Menstrual cycle
• Explain:
- Spermatogenesis
- Oogenesis
• Discuss the following Diseases in detail which are sexually transmitted:
- Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Genital Herpes, AIDS and how these diseases can be
controlled (treatment is not required)
f) Support and Movement:
• Explain the role of Human skeleton and skeletal muscles in locomotion
• Explain the process of muscle contraction
• What is Muscle fatigue, Tetani, Cramps?
• Describe the structure and functions of involuntary, voluntary and cardiac
muscles
g) Hormonal control (Endocrine glands):
• What are hormones?
• Describe Hypothalamus with its hormones.
• Describe Pituitary gland with hormones secreted from its Anterior, Median and
Posterior lobe
• Describe adrenal gland with its hormones.
• What are Islets of langerhans?
• What are the hormones of alimentary canal (Gastrin, secretin)?
• The hormones of ovaries and testes
h) Immunity:
• Immune system and define its components:
- Antigen
- Antibody (structure of antibody)
- Lymphocytes (B and T cells)
• What is cell mediated response and humoral immune response?
• Types of Immunity:
- Active immunity
- Passive immunity
• What do you mean by vaccination?
34
7. BIOENERGETICS:
Content
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Learning outcomes
a) Photosynthetic pigments and their absorption spectrum
b) Light dependent stage
c) Light independent stage
d) Describe the respiration at cellular level including:
• Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain
8. BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Content
DNA technology
Learning outcomes
a) Explain Recombinant DNA Technology
b) Discuss Polymerase Chain Reaction (detailed procedure)
c) What do you understand by the following terms:
• Gene therapy
• Transgenic animals
9. ECOSYSTEM:
Content
Components of Ecosystem
Biological succession
Energy flow in ecosystem
Impacts of Human activity on ecosystem
Learning outcomes:
a) Abiotic and biotic components of ecosystem
b) What is succession, give various stages of succession on land.
c) Explain the following terms:
• Predation, parasitism, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, grazing
d) Describe the flow of energy in an ecosystem
• Food chain
• Food web
e) What is the significance of Human activity on ecosystem as population, deforestation,
ozone depletion, atmospheric pollution, Green house effect, industrial effluents
(insecticides and herbicides).
35
10. EVOLUTION AND GENETICS:
Content
Darwin’s theory
Lamarck’s theory
Evidences of evolution
Genetics
Learning outcomes
a) Theory of Darwin and Lamarck, also discuss the merits and demerits
b) Evidences of evolution from paleontology and comparative embryology
c) Sex determination and sex linkage in humans
d) Define the following terms:
• Mutations, Epistasis, Gene, Allele, Multiple allele, Pleiotropy.
36
Table of Specification (Biology-2011)
(For F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.)
Topic MCQs
1. Introduction to Biology 04
2. Cell Biology 10
3. Biological Molecules 01
a) Carbohydrates 01
b) Proteins 01
c) Lipids 01
d) Nucleic Acids 01
e) Enzymes 04
4. Microbiology
a) Virus 01
b) Bacteria 02
c) Fungi 01
5. Kingdom Animalia and Plantae 05
6. Human Physiology
a) Digestive System 04
b) Gas exchange and Transportation 04
c) Excretion and Osmoregulation 05
d) Nervous System 04
e) Reproduction 05
f) Support and Movement 05
g) Hormonal Control (Endocrine Glands) 04
h) Immunity 05
7. Bioenergetics 05
8. Biotechnology 05
9. Ecosystem 05
10. Evolution and Genetics 05
Total 88
37
APTITUDE
STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS (2011)
F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.
WHAT IS APTITUDE TEST?
The Aptitude Test helps the University/ Admission Board to make more informed choices
from amongst the many highly qualified applicants who apply for admission to medical
and dental colleges. The Aptitude Test does not contain any curriculum nor any science
content: nor it can be revised for. It focuses on exploring the cognitive powers of
candidates and other attributes considered to be valuable for health care professionals.
The Aptitude Test ensures that the candidates selected have the most appropriate
mental abilities, attitudes and professional behaviours required for new doctors and
dentists to be successful in their careers.
The Aptitude test is designed to be a test of aptitude rather than strictly academic
achievement as evidenced by FSc or non FSc marks. The Aptitude Test will assess a wide
range of mental abilities and behavioural attributes identified by medical and dental
colleges as important.
OBJECTIVES OF THE APTITUDE TEST
The objectives of the aptitude test are to evaluate the student in following areas:
Approach to common ethical and moral issues
Understanding of human behaviour specially related to bio medical sciences
Understanding and application of the principles of confidentiality, honesty and
professionalism
Understanding and application of the principles of consent, counselling and
conflict resolution
Personality attributes
Basic principles of learning, reward and punishment
Understanding of the issues related to the interaction of health professionals with
the pharmaceutical companies, patients and other health professionals
Understanding of human emotions and relationships
Understanding of IQ and EQ
Simple arithmetical and mental mathematical skills
Ability to comprehend, analyse and solve simple day to day problems
38
WHAT DOES APTITUDE TEST CONSIST OF?
The Aptitude Test will consist of three subtests:
1 Ethical, moral, professional and personality attributes: Assesses the
candidate’s attitudes about moral, ethical and professional issues. It will also
assess personality attributes of the candidates. There will be twelve questions
in this section
2 Quantitative and abstract reasoning: Assesses candidate’s ability to solve
numerical problems and abstract reasoning. There will be five questions in this
section.
3 Analytical reasoning and problem solving: Assesses candidate’s ability
to deal with various forms of information, to infer relationships, to make
informed judgements, and decide upon an appropriate response. There will be
five questions in this section.
HOW TO PREPARE TO TAKE THE APTITUDE TEST?
For Aptitude Test preparation is neither necessary nor desirable. The test is designed to
be a test of aptitude rather than academic achievement, therefore the test does not
draw on any particular body of knowledge nor curriculum, which a candidate can learn in
advance.
However candidates should practice answering the types of questions that will be
presented in the Aptitude Test, to familiarise themselves with question styles, multiple
choice format and varying requirements of each subtest. Sample questions are given
below:
39
Table of Specification (APTITUDE-2011)
(For F.Sc. and Non-F.Sc.)
Topic MCQs
1. Quantitative 05
2. Analytical Reasoning 05
3. Ethics and Morality 12
Total 22
By : ADEEL ABBAS www.allvupastpapers.blogspot.com AdeelAbbasbk@gmail.com
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