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Sunday, January 23, 2011

MGT502- Organizational Behaviour final solved mcq's and questions


FINALTERM  EXAMINATION
Fall 2009
MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 4)
Question No: 1    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which one of the following is not considered as a part of organizational output?

       Finished goods
       Services
       Dividends
       Capital
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 2    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The degree to which people in a country accept that power in institution and organizations is distributed unequally is called:

       Terminal Values
       Power Distance
       Fairness
       Uncertainty Avoidance
   
Question No: 3    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Emotional Responses that the organization requires workers to show and considers appropriate in a given job are called:

       Felt Emotions
       Displayed Emotions
       Moods
       Emotional Intelligence
   
Question No: 4    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 When an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transaction, it is called:

       Alexithymia
       Felt Emotions
       Emotional Labor
       Displayed Emotions
   
Question No: 5    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Asif is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would Attribution Theory describe this behavior?

       It shows consensus
       It shows similarity
       It shows reliability
       It shows consistency
   
Question No: 6    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Amna is an honest and straightforward person. She believes her employees are all similarly honest and straightforward, ignoring signs that they may be
manipulating her. What perceptual shortcut is Amna most likely using?

       Prototyping
       Contrast effect
       Halo effect
       Projection
   
Question No: 7    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 What is generally considered to be the single best thing that managers can do to improve performance?

       Allocate tasks depending on personality
       Restrict the use of punishment as a means of motivating workers
       Give abundant opportunities for employee growth
       Concentrate on intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic rewards
   

Question No: 8    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 In equity theory, individuals assess the ________________.

       Cost-benefit ratio
       Efficiency-effectiveness trade-off
       Quantity-quality trade-off
       Outcome-input ratio
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 9    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Who sets MBO objectives?

       The immediate supervisor
       The superior and subordinate
       The head of department
       The employees themselves
   
Question No: 10    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Fahad, Zain and Usama work in different departments, but often take lunch together. They are an example of what type of group?


Formal        
Informal        
Command        
Task        
   
Question No: 11    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the _____________ stage.

Storming       
Norming        
Maturation        
Performing        
   
Question No: 12    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Demand on leader is ___________ in a team comprising of 2-7 members.

        High
Highest        
        Low
        Moderate
   
Question No: 13    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following best demonstrates the effectiveness of self-managed teams? 

An increase in the number of teams required to        manufacture a product
A reduction in the number of employees        qualified to participate in the teams
A significant reduction in response time for        resolving customer concerns
An increase in the technology budget for        connecting team members
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 14    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is NOT true about electronic meeting?

Participants type their responses onto a        computer screen
It can be highly effective under certain        conditions
Group cohesiveness will be considered        high
Participants will be honest and        anonymous
Question No: 15    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 There is fairly strong evidence that traits can predict _____ more accurately than leadership effectiveness.

Leadership emergence       
Extraversion in leaders       
Leadership awareness        
Leadership competence       
   
Question No: 16    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The University of Michigan researchers concluded that:
       Employee-oriented leaders had lower productivity
       Employee-oriented leaders had higher productivity
       Production-oriented leaders created lower employee satisfaction
       Production-oriented leaders created higher employee satisfaction
   
Question No: 17    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of House’s leaders from path-goal theory are friendly and show concern for the needs of followers?
 Adeel Abbas

       Directive
       Supportive
       Participative
       Achievement-oriented
   
Question No: 18    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The charismatic leaders are likely to:

       Invoke high performance among followers
       Encourage women to seek leadership positions
       Motivate followers to become more extroverted
       Avoid media attention regarding their achievements
   
Question No: 19    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Sumeera has been working in a packaging company for last ten years. She is the most senior employee of her department that’s why her manager frequently relies on her judgment. Whenever manger goes out of city for work, he put Sumeera in charge because he knows she will handle work efficiently in his absence. What type of trust relationship is this?
       Reward-based trust
       Knowledge-based trust
       Identification-based trust
       Deterrence-based trust
   
Question No: 20    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Legitimate power is based on which of the following element?
       Positive rewards
       Interpersonal trust
       Structural position
       Expert knowledge
   
Question No: 21    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Your physician has advised you to take a series of medications. You comply because of her which of the following power?
       Formal
       Expert
       Referent
       Information
   
Question No: 22    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which type of conflict will you experience  among the multiple roles in your life,  like role of a father and a manager?
       Intergroup Conflict
       Interpersonal Conflict
       Interrole Conflict
       Intrarole Conflict
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 23    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 All of the following are types of conflict EXCEPT:
       Task Conflict
       Person-role Conflict
       Relationship Conflict
       Process Conflict
  
Question No: 24    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The interactionist view of conflict proposes that functional conflict is:
        Necessary for effective group performance
       An indication of the group maturity level
       Always focused around relationships
       Make group members static and apathetic
   
Question No: 25    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 UNO wants to bring in a neutral third party who will facilitate a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, suggesting alternatives, and the like.  This person is a(n):

Mediator       
Arbitrator       
Conciliator       
Consultant       
   
Question No: 26    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 In comparing the organizational design needs of the small organization and the large organization, which of the following is a consideration for the small organization?

More formalization       
More specialization        
More centralization        
Flat hierarchy of authority        
   
Question No: 27    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which one of the following is consistent with a simple structure?
High centralization       
High employee discretion       
Standardization       
Bureaucracy       
   
Question No: 28    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 You have eliminated horizontal, vertical, and external barriers within your organization. You are operating as a/an:
Boundaryless organization       
Organizational pyramid       
Matrix organization       
Virtual organization       
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 29    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 A trucking company routinely makes all of its office staff work for a week in the warehouse area; loading trucks, cleaning trucks, and doing other work which they are capable of. This program is an example of which of the following?
Job rotation       
Job enlargement       
Job enrichment       
Job sharing       
   
Question No: 30    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Essential elements of TQM include all EXCEPT:
Analysis of customer quality        needs
Benchmarking       
Rewarding       
Standards       
   
Question No: 31    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The purpose of --------------- is for an outside consultant to assist a manager, “to perceive, understand, and act upon process events”.
Process Consultation       
Team        Building
Appreciative        Inquiry
Sensitivity        Training
   
Question No: 32    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Once the causes of difficulty have been identified, the groups can move to the _____________ to develop solutions that will improve relations between the groups.
Process        Consultation
Appreciative        Inquiry
Integration phase       
Team        Building
   
Question No: 33    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which type of selection technique is given the most weight?

Written test        
Performance-simulation test        
Electronic test        
        Interview
   
Question No: 34    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The centerpiece of most diversity programs is:

Money        
Employer commitment        
        Training       
Human resource personnel        
   
Question No: 35    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 A strong culture can act as a substitute for which of the following?
Institutionalization       
        Formalization
Socialization       
Organizational rules       
   
Question No: 36    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Consistency of behavior is an asset to an organization when it faces which of the following?
Massive changes       
A dynamic environment       
An unknown environment       
A stable environment       
   
Question No: 37    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is an example of change in the nature of competition?
Growth of e-commerce       
Decline in global oil prices        
Increased interest in urban        living
A decrease in interest rates       
   
Question No: 38    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is NOT a source of individual resistance to change?
Habit       

Security       
Inertia       
Economic factors       
   
Question No: 39    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 What term is used for feelings that tend to be less intensive than emotions?

Affect       
Cognition        
Thoughts        
Mood       
   
Question No: 40    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of  group in organization?
Common goal        
Interaction with one another       
Accept expectations and obligations        
Mutually independent        
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 41    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following refers to the network of personal and social relations that is developed spontaneously between people associated with each other?

Formal organization       
Informal organization       
Business organization        
Government organization        
   
Question No: 42    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 All of the following are the primary bases of personal power EXCEPT:
Referent power       
Position power       
Expert power       
Coercive power       
   
Question No: 43    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Trying to make someone else accept blame for a problem is an example of which of the following conflict handling intention?
Competing       
Compromising       
Avoiding       
Accommodating       
   
Question No: 44    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 At Sawera Manufacturing, Inc., the sales representatives often argue with the production employees because promised orders are often behind the schedule. The production employees claim that the sales representatives frequently fail to submit orders until they are already past due. The sales representatives and the production employees are experiencing which of the following conflict?
Competition for scarce        resources
Intergroup conflict       
Interpersonal conflict       
Representative conflict       
   
Question No: 45    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 When two party’s goals are incompatible, but their interactions are important to meeting their goals, which reaction to conflict is likely to occur?
Competition       
Collaboration       
Compromise       
Accommodation       
   
Question No: 46    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is NOT a personal cause of conflict in organizations?

Personalities       
Perception        
Authority relationships        
Communication        
   
Question No: 47    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 To achieve a compromise approach, one needs to________________.
Avoid overt disagreement        
Value openness and trust       
Dominate the other conflicting        party
Give up something of value       
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 48    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Division of labor is often referred to as which of the following?




Departmentalization       
       The organizational chart
Specialization       
The administrative hierarchy       
   
Question No: 49    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 When there is a narrow span of control, to improve the span of control there is likely to be:


An increase in the number of        workers
Less control over production        workers
More administrative levels       
Less bureaucracy       
   
Question No: 50    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Jobs grouped according to traditional business tasks such as marketing, manufacturing, and personnel are departmentalized by:
Process       
Service       
Function       
Structure       
   
Question No: 51    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The process of constructing and adjusting an organization's structure to achieve its goals is:
Strategic management       
Strategy-structure fit       
Organizational design       
Organizational        reconfiguration
   
Question No: 52    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 An alternative work arrangement in which employees must be present to perform job duties during a required core time but starting and ending work times can vary is called which of the following?



Job sharing       
Compressed workweek        scheduling
Task restructuring       
Flextime       
   
Question No: 53    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 The tools, techniques, and actions used by an organization to transform inputs into outputs are called:
An organization's technology       
The throughput       
       The transformation process
Work design       
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 54    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following states the minimum acceptable qualifications that the incumbent must possess to perform the job successfully?


Job description       
Job specification       
Job evaluation       
Job enrichment       
   
Question No: 55    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following specifies the relative value of each job in the organization?


Job description       
Job specification       
Job evaluation       
Job enrichment       
   
Question No: 56    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 All of the following are examples of external forces for change EXCEPT:
Workforce diversity       
Globalization       
Company Crisis       
Ethical behavior       
   
Question No: 57    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 All of the following are examples of external forces for change EXCEPT:


Changing work climate       
Workforce diversity       
Globalization       
Ethical behavior       
   
Question No: 58    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is the individual source of resistance to change?
Structural inertia       
Threat to expertise       
Fear of unknown        
Threatened power       

Question No: 59    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is the individual source of resistance to change?

Structural inertia       
Threat to expertise       
New social relationships       
Threatened power       
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 60    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is the process of planned change and improvement of the organization through application of knowledge of the behavioral science?




Organizational culture       
Organizational theory       
Organizational Change       
Organizational Development       
   
Question No: 61    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following can be termed as organizational development program?
Switching from manual to computerized        system
Technological change       
Total Quality Management       
Designing changes for other        organization
   Adeel Abbas
Question No: 62    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following is the process in which data is gathered, analyzed, summarized and returned to those who generated them?

Process Consultation       
Survey feedback       
Inter-group development       
Sensitivity Training       
   
Question No: 63    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Which of the following performance component is about addressing poor performance and improving good performance?

Planning       
Monitoring       
Rewarding       
Developing       
   
Question No: 64    ( Marks: 1 )    - Please choose one
 Usman is a production in charge in an organization. His performance can be judged on the criteria of cost of per unit of production or total units produced. Identify the criteria on which his performance has been evaluated.

Attitude       
Traits       
Individual task outcomes       
Behavior       
   
Question No: 65    ( Marks: 3 )
 What can organizations do to help employees develop their careers?
Adeel Abbas
Answer:
Organizations will need to develop a strategy for attracting and keeping the  desired workers.
Organization need to develop employee career development program.
Some of them are following

Mentoring & Coaching:
senior member of organization  takes an active role in guiding other employees or management is called mentoring.

Tuition assistance programs
Provide additional information to employee so they have  better choice of the career.

Job rotation:
 Change the employee to one kind of job to other kind of job so they get knowledge of wide variety of jobs.
.
   
Question No: 66    ( Marks: 5 )
 Discuss why reward power is the easiest base of power to use.

The opposite of coercive power is reward power.

People get motivation when they get positive benefits; therefore, one who can distribute rewards they view them as valuable.

If we  can give someone something of positive value or remove something of negative
value, we  have reward power over that person.

These rewards could of different types depending upon the how the person value these rewards


• Coercive power and reward power opposite of each other.

If we can remove something of positive value from someone or give  something of negative value upon him then we have coercive power over that person.

Being an agent of change we like to proceed
Question No: 67    ( Marks: 10 )
 What factors provoke the organizational change; as being the initiator of such change how will you proceed?
 Answer:
    Organizational change is the process to take an organization away from its present state and toward some future state to increase its effectiveness.  Due to changing nature of our environment its necessary to keeping changing organizational strategies to adjust with environment.

 Force like economic, Policies , diversity , competitive forces keep changing with the passage of time and an organization is continuously interacting with these forces.

So its become necessity for the organization to change to handle those external changes.

Managers are the primary change agents in most organizations.

There are two type of forces of change
Internal and external
External foces : economics, Technology, social and Political forces

Internal : company crises, effectiveness of decision making,


During the change we face the different type of internal resistance.
Will try to over com the resistance by

Education and communication: we can reduc resistance by provide more information about the change and giving positive view of that change

Manipulation and cooptation:
Twisting and distorting facts to make them appear more attractive, and hide undesirable information, and creating false rumors to get employees to accept a change

Support and Training  Employee counseling is very powerful tool to get support, New-skills training, or a short paid leave also can  facilitate adjustment. Only draw back of it is,  time-consuming, expensive, implementation offers no guarantee  of success.

Negotiation Negotiation as a tactic may be necessary when resistance is from  powerful source.
Coercion we can use  threats of transfer, loss of promotions, negative performance
Evaluations, and a poor letter of recommendation
Question No: 68    ( Marks: 10 )
 Which bases of power are more effective, also explain how these bases can be used productively.?
 Answer:
Power :
Power refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B, so that B acts in
accordance with A’s wishes

Referent Power: 

Referent power is based on identification with a person who has desirable resources or personal qualities.
If I like, respect and admire you, you can exercise power on me because I want to please you. It helps explain, for instance why celebrities are paid so high to introduce  products in commercial Marketing. These celebrities has referent power.


Expert power

Expert power is influence as  a result of expertise or  special skill or knowledge.

As jobs become more specialized we become increasingly dependent on experts to achieve goals. Like doctors have expert power what prescription or advice they give they exercise their expert power.

Most of us follow their advice that our they gives us.

you should also recognize that computer specialists are able to wield power as a result of their expertise. Expertise has become one of the most powerful sources of influence as the world has become more technologically oriented. 

Legitimate Power:  in organization  most frequent access to one or more of the power bases is structural  position. This is called legitimate power. It represents the formal authority to control and use organizational resources.

It include reward and coercive power. Legitimate power, is border  than the power to coerce and reward. Specifically, it includes acceptance by members in an organization of the authority of a position. School  principals, CEO of company are some of example of legitimate power.

Charismatic Power:
• Is an extension of referent power.  An individual’s personality and interpersonal style make others to follow because they can articulate attractive visions.
Holder of this kind of power , take personal risks, demonstrate follower sensitivity.

Coercive Power:

Base of coercive power is dependent on fear or threat of application of physical pain or generate the fear.
In the organizational, A has coercive power over B if A can dismiss, suspend, or demote

Reward Power:
The opposite of coercive power is reward power. People comply because doing so produces positive benefits; therefore, one who can distribute rewards that others view as valuable.  These rewards can be anything depending upon the person how much that reward is valuable for him.

I think Reward power is more powerful because you can give reward to person depending up on that how much they value that reward. Like in organization if you wanted to get something done and your subordinate know that their work will be given a proper reward then he/she put his best to give output by keep his reward in mind.
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